(a) To increment, hit Ctrl+A
(b) To decrement, hit Ctlr+X
Suppose a number 5 is present in vim editor's buffer. Now, pressing Ctrl+A will increments the number by 1 i.e 6, again if you press Ctrl+A, 6 becomes 7 etc.. same way if you press Ctrl+X, the number will be decremented by 1.
Example:
Let's say, vim buffer contains a number 1
10Ctrl+A increments to 11
5Ctrl+X decrements to 6